Diagram import manual transmission

Torque equals force times the distance. Distance, in this case, is the radius of the driven gear. As we know the driven gear gets smaller as we go up the ratio thus we get more torque at lower gears. As to why higher gear offers more speed, output RPM of a car is determined by the engine RPM divided by the gear ratio. Higher gears have a smaller gear ratio which allows us to get more RPM.

To explain this with an example. Imagine your RPM is constantly at Assume your first gear ratio is , this makes the output RPM as Now assume your top gear ratio is 0. The input shaft drives the gear on the countershaft which are in constant mesh with the output shaft gears.

The input drives the countershaft gear with a gear of its own. The gears on a countershaft are connected permanently to the countershaft and thus the countershaft always rotates along with the gears.

The gears on the output shaft are loosely connected to the output shaft thus rotating freely along with the countershaft gears and not moving the output shaft. When a gear has been engaged, the power from the input shaft first goes to the countershaft and then to the gears on the output shaft. The difference here is that the engaged gear is now connected to the output shaft.

As the gears cannot move forwards and backwards the connection to the shaft is done by the dog clutch shown as gear hub sleeve in the above diagram. The dog clutch of the engaged gear attaches itself to the gear and serves as a connection between the shaft and the gear.

Note that the dog clutches are permanently connected to the shaft and are moved by a fork which is connected to the gearbox. This makes the shaft rotate at the same speed as the gears ratio. When a different gear is engaged, the clutch disengages from the flywheel and no power is transferred to the shafts. The new gear is selected by the driver and now the synchroniser with their friction plate slow down the gear for the dog clutch to connect to it. The gear is slowed down till it reaches the same speed as the output shaft.

This allows the dog clutch to engage the gears easily without clashing teeth. After the power flow starts again the new gear ratio is now driving the output shaft.

The reverse gear working is done in the following way. As the engine cannot rotate in reverse the transmission has to rotate the shafts in such a way that the movement of the car is backwards. This is done by using a new gear called an idle gear.

The idle gear comes in between the countershaft gear and the output shaft gear. The idle gear makes the output shaft gear rotate in the opposite direction thus making the car move backwards. It will however clash the teeth and harm the gears. Transmissions are made to ensure reverse gear cant be engaged while the car is moving forward.

This covers how the manual transmission works and how gear ratios affect the output. The more gears in a car the higher the output can reach. Basically, a manual transmission is a gear box that enables the driver to choose between different gear ratios to drive the car. Lower gear ratios offer more torque, but less speed, while higher gear ratios offer less torque, but higher speed. At its simplest, the manual transmission consists of three shafts with constantly-intermeshed gears of different sizes.

The input shaft connects to the engine, via the clutch. The countershaft is constantly meshed with the input shaft and has multiple gears. The output shaft connects the countershaft to the driveshaft and eventually the wheels. In four-wheel drive and all-wheel drive vehicles, the output shaft connects to the transfer case first. Reverse gear is usually on a fourth shaft to effect a change in direction. The gears themselves are not fixed to the output shaft, but freewheel.

Locking collars, on the other hand, rotate with the output shaft and can shift or slide back and forth to engage one of the gears. To effect a gear change, selecting first gear, for example, the driver depresses the clutch, disengaging the input shaft.

Using the shift lever, the driver selects first gear, and the linkage moves the shift fork to connect the 1 st -2 nd locking collar with 1 st gear, locking it to the output shaft.

Now, when the clutch is released, engaging the input shaft, the output shaft turns because 1 st gear is locked to the output shaft by the locking collar. Maintenance Tips. Car Review. Car Comparison. Industry knowledge. Last updated Dec 22, What is Manual Transmission? What is manual transmission? Various Parts of a Manual Gearbox These brief descriptions about the gear and hardware of the gearbox will help you comprehend the complex way it works.

Various components of a manual gearbox. Clutch and Clutch Pedal Consisting of various small components, the clutch transmits engine torque to the transmission.

Flywheel The circular mass sends engine torque to the clutch disc that interacts with a smooth surface of the wheel. Gears You will find gears of various sizes in a manual gearbox. The working mechanism of a manual transmission.

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